What is tolerogenic dendritic cell?

Tolerogenic dendritic cells (a. k. a. tol-DCs, tDCs, or DCregs) are heterogenous pool of dendritic cells with immuno-suppressive properties, priming immune system into tolerogenic state against various antigens.

How do you induce tolerogenic dendritic cells?

Human tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) are induced by various immunosuppressive drugs and mediators. Immuno-activating and -inhibitory surface molecules as well as secreted signaling molecules are demonstrated.

What are Treg cells?

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress immune response, thereby maintaining homeostasis and self-tolerance. It has been shown that Tregs are able to inhibit T cell proliferation and cytokine production and play a critical role in preventing autoimmunity.

What is the difference between PDC and cDC?

A series of studies have outlined distinct differences in the ability of DC subsets to induce immune responses. In particular, cDC have been implicated in driving a pro-allergic response, while pDC have been identified to block or “tolerize” the pulmonary immune environment against Th2 responses [6].

What is a PDC in immunology?

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a rare type of immune cell that are known to secrete large quantities of type 1 interferon (IFNs) in response to a viral infection. They circulate in the blood and are found in peripheral lymphoid organs.

How do you increase dendritic cells naturally?

Garlic has been shown to enhance the function of the immune system by stimulating macrophages, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. It does so by modulating cytokine secretion, immunoglobulin production, phagocytosis, and macrophage activation.

What is tolerogenic cell death?

The tolerogenic effect of cell death depends on many factors, including the absence of T cell help, the location of the dying cells (which in part dictates their engulfment by distinct dendritic cell (DC) subtypes), the maturation state of the DC, the production of immunosuppressive factors (such as transforming growth …

What is the role of CD83 on dendritic cells?

Human CD83 is a marker molecule for mature dendritic cells (DC) and is also expressed on activated B and T cells. Although CD83 has been implicated in immune responses, its function on DC and T cells remains unclear. In this study, we wanted to assess the role of CD83 expressed on DC and T cells in …

What is intracellular preformed CD83?

Intracellular preformed CD83 protein is detected in a wide range of immune cells, including immature DC, monocytes, macrophages, natural-killer (NK) cells and lymphocytes ( 35 ). CD83 is rapidly transported to the surface from golgi and recycling endosome pools in DC, macrophages, monocytes and B-cells upon TLR or TNF engagement ( 37, 47 ).

What is the physiological role of cd83-conditional Ko (cd83δdc)?

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial to balance protective immunity and autoimmune inflammatory processes. Expression of CD83 is a well-established marker for mature DCs, although its physiological role is still not completely understood. Using a DC-specific CD83-conditional KO (CD83ΔDC) mouse, we prov …

Where is mcd83 expressed in humans?

In mammals, fish and birds, mCD83 is recognized as an activation marker on the surface of immune cells ( 30 ). In humans and mice, the highest and most stable expression is found on activated DC from various tissues, including plasmacytoid and myeloid subsets ( 31 – 33 ).