What are filaments of DNA and protein?
Actin filaments resemble a double chain of beads and create possible anchor points or pathways for the structures in the cell nucleus. They give the DNA structure — for example, determining how densely packed the chromosomes in the form of chromatin are. This influences the readability of the genetic material.
What is the structure of DNA and proteins in eukaryotic cells?
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Nuclear DNA does not appear in free linear strands; it is highly condensed and wrapped around nuclear proteins in order to fit inside the nucleus. Chromatin exists in two forms.
Do eukaryotic cells have DNA and protein?
As previously discussed, prokaryotic cells lack an organized nucleus while eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound nuclei (and organelles ) that house the cell’s DNA and direct the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins. The nucleus stores chromatin (DNA plus proteins) in a gel-like substance called the nucleoplasm.
What is the structure in eukaryotic cells that contains DNA?
The nucleus
The nucleus is the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It houses the cell’s chromosomes and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis occurs. The nucleus is spheroid in shape and separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.
What are protein filaments?
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength, and rigidity to the cell.
What are the structures of the cell surface made of filament strands?
The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.
What is made up of two types of protein filaments?
Two types of intermediate filaments, desmin and the neurofilaments, play specialized roles in muscle and nerve cells, respectively.
What are the two types of filaments?
Most of the cytoplasm consists of myofibrils, which are cylindrical bundles of two types of filaments: thick filaments of myosin (about 15 nm in diameter) and thin filaments of actin (about 7 nm in diameter).
What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells lack?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles.
What is the jelly like matrix in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that provides form to the cell and holds many of the organelles?
One major component of the cytoplasm in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the gel-like cytosol, a water-based solution that contains ions, small molecules, and macromolecules. In eukaryotes, the cytoplasm also includes membrane-bound organelles, which are suspended in the cytosol.
What is the structure and function of eukaryotic cells?
Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but a eukaryotic cell is typically larger than a prokaryotic cell, has a true nucleus (meaning a membrane surrounds its DNA), and has other membrane-bound organelles that allow for compartmentalizing functions.
