What is sequestration in malaria?

Sequestration, the adherence of infected erythrocytes containing late developmental stages of the parasite (trophozoites and schizonts) to the endothelium of capillaries and venules, is characteristic of Plasmodium falciparum infections.

What is the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum?

The pathogenesis of human P falciparum infection is a complex interplay of parasite-induced RBC alterations2 and microcirculatory abnormalities,12 accompanied by local and systemic immune reactions, resulting in multiple clinical forms of variable severity.

What is malaria Cytoadherence?

Abstract. Microbial pathogens subvert host adhesion molecules to disseminate or to enter host cells to promote their own survival. One such subversion is the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IRBC) to vascular endothelium, which protects the parasite from being removed by the spleen.

What do you mean by pathogenicity?

Specifically, pathogenicity is the quality or state of being pathogenic, the potential ability to produce disease, whereas virulence is the disease producing power of an organism, the degree of pathogenicity within a group or species.

What does PfEMP1 bind to?

PfEMP1 bind to a variety of human ligands (11, 12), the most common of which are cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (13–15).

What is malaria Rosetting?

Rosetting, defined as the binding of two or more uninfected red blood cells (rbc) to an infected rbc, occurs when malarial parasites mature, to trophozoites and schizonts, in the second half of their asexual development. Rosetting is believed to be an important factor in the development of cerebral malaria.

What is pathogenicity and pathogenesis?

Pathogenesis. Alan J. Cann, in Principles of Molecular Virology (Sixth Edition), 2016. Pathogenicity is the capacity of an organism to cause disease. During virus infections, diseases symptoms arise from two causes, direct injury caused by virus replication and the side effects of the immune response to infection.

What is pathogenesis example?

Types of pathogenesis include microbial infection, inflammation, malignancy and tissue breakdown. For example, bacterial pathogenesis is the mechanism by which bacteria cause infectious illness.

What is the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria?

Pathophysiology of cerebral malaria: role of host cells in the modulation of cytoadhesion Cerebral malaria (CM), one of the most serious complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection, is characterized by the sequestration of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in cerebral microvascular beds.

What’s new in cerebral malaria research?

A Swedish group has recently completed a Phase I trial of DFO2, a modified form of heparin with minimal anticoagulant activity and plan to take this to Phase II studies (Anna Vogt, personal communication). Clearly, a poor understanding of pathogenesis is a major hindrance to progress in cerebral malaria research.

Does erythropoietin protect against neurological sequelae in children with cerebral malaria?

High levels of erythropoietin are associated with protection against neurological sequelae in African children with cerebral malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:2634–2639.

What is the prevalence of cerebral malaria?

Cerebral malaria is the most severe neurological manifestation of severe malaria. With an incidence of 1,120/100,000/year in the endemic areas of Africa, children in this region bear the brunt. Peak incidence is in pre-school children and at a minimum, 575,000 children in Africa develop cerebral malaria annually ( 2 ).